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为提高水稻的异交率,于1983—1984年调查分析了435份国内外栽培稻种的柱头外露性.结果表明、不同类型和产地的栽培稻种间柱头外露率存在较大的差异.依其平均数,外露率的高低,籼稻高于粳稻(1983年和1984年的观察品种分别为19.85％、5.91％和19.34％、7.61％);陆稻高于水稻(18.76％、11.24％和30.52％、5.34％);云南高原粳高于太湖粳(25.2％,3.25％). 影响柱头外露的主要性状有三类,即柱头特性、小穗特性和开颖角.前两者包括开花时柱头的向外弯曲程度,雌蕊总长,柱头分枝数,小穗长、宽、厚、长宽比等.稃毛和芒长可以作为反映柱头外露性的间接指标.不同类型和产地的栽培稻种柱头外露率的差异以及影响柱头外露的主要性状表明,柱头外露率的高低与稻种的起源和进化之间表现为平行关系.
In order to increase the rate of rice outcrossing, the stigma exsertion of 435 domestic and oversea cultivated rice species was investigated and analyzed from 1983 to 1984. The results showed that the stigma exsertion rate of cultivated rice varieties differed greatly in different types and origins. The average number and the exposed rate of indica rice were higher than those of japonica rice (19.85%, 5.91% and 19.34%, 7.61% respectively in 1983 and 1984); that of paddy rice was higher than that of rice (18.76%, 11.24% and 30.52% %, 5.34%, respectively). Yunnan plateau japonica was higher than that of Taihu japonica (25.2%, 3.25%) .There were three main traits affecting stigma exsertion, stigma trait, spikelet trait and open angle.The first two included stigma Length of pistil, total length of pistils, number of stigma branch, spikelet length, width, thickness, aspect ratio, etc. Beech and mango may be used as indirect indicators of stigma exsertion.The stigmas of cultivated rice of different types and origins The differences in the exsertion rate and the main traits affecting the stigma exsertion show that the stigma exsertion rate is parallel to the origin and evolution of the rice species.