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利用从蓝单体自交分离得到的自花结实的4D缺体小麦(缺72180、缺天选15)作母本与3个不同的八倍体小偃麦(小偃784、小偃7631和小偃78829)杂交,再以缺体作为轮回亲本,从F_1或F_2开始连续回交1—2次,在回交中,缺体无论作父本或母本都得到了异代换系,并且发现:(1)在回交过程中,用缺体作母本比作父本更为有效;(2)F_1自交,在F_2群体中选择生长比较正常,染色体数比较少的植株回交,比F_1作母本直接回交效果更好。并对所得的异代换系的特征特性进行了初步的观察研究,发现中间偃麦草(Agropyron intermedium2n=42) 4E染色体(以下用4Ei表示)、长穗偃麦草(Agropyron clongatum 2n=70)的4E染色体(带蓝粒基因,以下用4Ee表示)和4F染色体(带毛叶基因,以下用4Fe表示)均能正常补偿小麦4D染色体。异代换系生长旺盛,育性正常。初步总结了缺体与八倍体小偃麦杂交,回交过程中异代换系的形成规律,证明了“缺体回交法”可以推广应用于八倍体小偃麦等人工合成的新物种,以选育普通小麦异代换系。
Using 4D null wheat (selfing inbred line) from selfing inbred wheat (lacking 72180, lacking natural selection 15) as the female parent and 3 different octoploid small - triticale (Xiaoyan 784, Xiaoyan 7631 and Xiaoyan 78829), and then using the lacking body as the recurrent parent, backcrossing continuously from F_1 or F_2 for 1-2 times. In the backcross, the missing body has been replaced by the male parent or female parent, and The results showed that: (1) In the backcrossing process, it was more effective to use the missing body as the female parent than the male parent; (2) F_1 selfing, selecting the plants with relatively normal chromosomes and fewer chromosomes backcrossing in F_2 population, F_1 than the mother of the direct backcrosses better. The results showed that the 4E chromosome of Agropyron intermedium 2n = 42 (4Ei below), the 4E of Agropyron clongatum 2n = 70 Chromosomes (with the blue-particle gene, denoted 4Ee below) and the 4F chromosome (with the mitochondrial gene, hereinafter denoted by 4Fe) are all able to compensate normally for the wheat 4D chromosome. Alien substitution system vigorous growth, fertility normal. Preliminary summarizes the lack of diploid and twenty-eight body of the combination of small progenies, backcrossing process of the generation of alien substitution lines to prove that the “missing body back to back law” can be extended to octoploid plant such as the synthesis of young triticale new Species to breed common wheat substitution lines.