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目的调查山东省潍坊市学龄前期儿童睡眠障碍流行现状,探讨睡眠障碍与注意缺陷多动的关系。方法于2016年1—12月采用分层抽样方法,抽取潍坊地区935名学龄前期儿童,问卷调查潍坊市学龄前期儿童的睡眠障碍、注意缺陷多动的流行现状,并分析学龄前期儿童睡眠障碍与注意缺陷多动的相关性。结果潍坊市学龄前期儿童睡眠障碍发病率为44.1%,睡眠障碍以入睡困难(19.4%)、遗尿(17.5%)、多汗(17.0%)、肢体抖动(12.4%)等较为多见。男童在鼾症、肢体抖动、入睡困难、尖叫喊叫的发生率高于女童(均P<0.05),而女童磨牙发生率高于男童(P<0.05);3~5岁组在多汗、肢体抖动、遗尿、尖叫哭喊的发生率高于5~7岁组(均P<0.05),5~7岁组在鼾症、辗转不安、入睡困难的发生率高于3~5岁组(均P<0.05)。睡眠障碍组儿童的注意多动缺陷发生率明显高于正常组(χ~2=7.240,P=0.007)。结论学龄前期儿童的睡眠障碍率相对较高,长期的睡眠障碍可能是学龄前期儿童注意缺陷多动的危险因素。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders among preschool children in Weifang City, Shandong Province and to explore the relationship between sleep disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Methods From January to December in 2016, 935 preschool children in Weifang district were sampled by stratified sampling method. The prevalence of sleep disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among preschool children in Weifang was investigated by questionnaire. The relationship between sleep disorders Attention deficit hyperactivity relatedness. Results The incidence of sleep disorders in pre-school children was 44.1% in Weifang City. Sleep disorder was more common in patients with difficulty falling asleep (19.4%), enuresis (17.5%), hyperhidrosis (17.0%) and limb jitter (12.4%). The prevalence of snoring, limb jitter, difficulty falling asleep and screaming were higher in boys than in boys (all P <0.05), while the incidence of molars in girls was higher than that in boys (P <0.05) The incidence of sweat, limb jitter, enuresis and screaming and crying were higher than those of 5-7-year-old group (all P <0.05). The incidence of snoring, restlessness and difficulty falling asleep in 5-7-year-old group was higher than that of 3-5 Year-old group (all P <0.05). The incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with sleep disorders was significantly higher than that in normal controls (χ ~ 2 = 7.240, P = 0.007). Conclusion Preschool children have a relatively high rate of sleep disorders, and long-term sleep disorders may be risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in preschool children.