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本文从理论和实践的结合上阐述了不良岩层巷道维护问题。其要点是:①找出了1978年以前金川在不良岩层中采用多种支护型式都难以维护的根本原因是:把流变体围岩稳定问题视为单纯的传统支护结构问题;②确定了不良岩层的基本属性为易发展为松散体的流变体,从理论上阐明了不良岩层巷道必须分次支护的理由;③查明了不良岩层巷道地压类型,以流变体变形地压为主;④总结了地压活动基本规律,分析了在围岩纵深12米范围内,最终出现的二个压密区、一个松驰区、一个松动区,压密区实际上是承载环,在围岩稳定过程中起着关键作用,从理论上解释了金川不良岩层巷道围岩稳定过程;⑤采用了信息化设计——现场监控设计法;⑥提出了金川不良岩层巷道支护原理和设计方法,即根据岩层不同属性,不同地压来源,从分析地压活动规律入手,运用信息化设计法,使支护特性和施工工艺过程不断适应围岩变形的活动状态,以达到抑制围岩变形、维护巷道稳定的目的。
This article elaborates the maintenance of poor rock roadway from the combination of theory and practice. The main points are as follows: (1) It is found that the fundamental reason why Jinchuan’s multiple support types are difficult to maintain in poor rock strata before 1978 is that the problem of stability of rheological rock mass is regarded as a simple traditional support structure problem. The basic properties of poor rock strata are the rheological bodies that easily develop into loose bodies, and the reasons for the poor rock strata must be divided and supported in theory. Thirdly, the types of ground pressure in poor rock strata are identified, The main law of pressure is summarized. (4) The basic law of ground pressure is summed up. Two pressure zones, a slack zone and a loose zone that finally emerge within 12 meters of surrounding rock depth are analyzed. Compaction zone is actually bearing ring , Played a key role in the stability of the surrounding rock, explained the stability of the surrounding rock of Jinchuan poor rock strata; ⑤used the information design-on-site monitoring design method; ⑥proposed the Jinchuan poor rock strata supporting principle and Design method, that is, according to different properties of rock strata and different sources of pressure, from the analysis of ground pressure activity rules, the use of information design method, so that support characteristics and construction technology continue to adapt to the surrounding rock deformation activity, in order to achieve System surrounding rock deformation, maintaining roadway stability purposes.