一前言钢与合金的性能与构成其显微组织析出相的种类、结构、成份、数量以及它们的形貌、分布、位向等密切相关。因而,相分析作为材料科学的一个重要组成部分,近年来获得了飞速的发展,形成了多种多样的分支。但每种相分析方法通常只能完成少数几项相分析成份。在完成某种相分析任务时,有些方法预先不需将目的相与其它相区分开来,我们称之为直接法相分析。但是,大多数方法都要求预先将目的相与其 Preface The properties of steels and alloys are closely related to the type, structure, composition, amount and morphology, distribution and orientation of precipitates that form the microstructure. Therefore, as an important part of material science, phase analysis has achieved rapid development in recent years and formed a variety of branches. However, each phase analysis method usually can only finish a few phase analysis components. In accomplishing some phase analysis task, some methods do not need to distinguish the target phase from other phases in advance, which is called direct phase analysis. However, most methods require that the purpose be matched with it in advance