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马歇尔在对英国产业区的观察中,第一次对产业集群进行了讨论,随着美国高新技术产业集群的快速增长以及“第三意大利”的兴起,产业集群也逐渐引起了人们的关注。特别是20世纪90年代中期以来,产业集群的创新发展在发达国家也引起了足够的重视。在我国,随着改革开放的深入,产业集群的培育、发展和升级也得到了不断发展,借鉴当今世界主要发达国家产业集群创新发展的经验,对于我国产业集群的发展具有重要的指导作用。一、世界主要发达国家产业集群创新发展的经验1.美国。在美国,产业集群是其区域经济发展的重要产业组织形式。有关资料表明,美国380个地方产业集群的经济总产值达到全美国经济总产值的60%。美国的产业集群类型多种多样,不同产业集群有其不同特点,但是每个产业集群都创造了显
For the first time, Marshall discussed industrial clusters in the observation of industrial estates in the United Kingdom. With the rapid growth of high-tech industrial clusters in the United States and the rise of “Third Italy,” industrial clusters have also drawn people’s attention . Especially since the mid-1990s, the innovative development of industrial clusters has also attracted enough attention in developed countries. In our country, with the deepening of reform and opening up, the cultivation, development and upgrading of industrial clusters have also been continuously developed. Drawing on the experience of the innovative development of industrial clusters in major developed countries in the world today, it plays an important guiding role in the development of industrial clusters in our country. First, the world’s major industrial clusters of innovative experience in the development of the United States. In the United States, industrial clusters are an important form of industrial organization for their regional economic development. Relevant data show that the total economic output of the 380 U.S. industrial clusters reaches 60% of the total U.S. economic output. The types of industrial clusters in the United States are diverse. Different industrial clusters have different characteristics, but each industrial cluster has created a significant