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为系统测定玉米不同生长阶段在不同降雨强度下的茎秆流量并建立简易实用模型,该研究以单株玉米(Zeamays)为对象,采用室内人工模拟降雨的方法,系统测定不同降雨强度、不同测试阶段玉米植株的茎秆流量,分析了玉米茎秆流与叶面积和降雨强度的关系,并在此基础上进行了单株玉米茎秆流模型构建的研究。结果表明:玉米在其全生育期内,茎秆流量占冠层上方降雨的44.55%;茎秆流量随叶面积、降雨强度增大呈现增加趋势,茎秆流率随叶面积增大呈增加趋势但是随降雨强度的变化不显著。通过分析其关系,构建了单株玉米茎秆流的理论模型、半经验模型和经验模型。经试验验证,3个模型都适用于估算玉米不同生长阶段的茎秆流量及茎秆流率,且达到预期的精度要求,并认为单株玉米的半经验模型在实际测量与应用中更为简便精确。该研究提出的玉米茎秆流模型可为研究玉米冠层对降雨及喷灌水分的空间分异、土壤水分运移及土壤侵蚀研究提供了计算方法,同时为玉米大田灌溉的水量平衡及水肥管理提供指导。
In order to systematically determine the stem flow rate of maize under different rainfall intensities and establish a simple and practical model, the study aimed to establish a simple and practical model for single corn (Zeamays) by artificial rainfall simulation. The effects of different rainfall intensities, Stalk flow of maize stage, the relationship between stalk flow and leaf area and rainfall intensity of maize was analyzed. Based on this, the stalk flow model of maize was studied. The results showed that during the whole growth period of corn, the stem flow accounted for 44.55% of the rainfall above the canopy. The stem flow increased with leaf area and rainfall intensity, while the stem flow rate increased with leaf area increasing The change with rainfall intensity is not significant. By analyzing the relationship between them, the theoretical model, semi-empirical model and empirical model of single corn stem flow were established. The experimental results show that the three models are suitable for estimating stem flow rate and stem flow rate at different growth stages of corn and meeting the expected accuracy requirements. It is also considered that the semi-empirical model of single corn is more convenient in actual measurement and application accurate. The corn stalk flow model proposed in this study can provide a method for studying the spatial distribution of rainfall and sprinkler water, soil water transport and soil erosion in corn canopy, and provide a theoretical basis for water balance and water and fertilizer management in corn field irrigation guide.