论文部分内容阅读
采用典型样地调查法,对恩施地区下属不同县市地区的野生竹节参的分布特点、种群密度、生存土壤情况和伴生植物群落特征等进行研究,发现野生竹节参主要分布在东经29°—30°、北纬108°—110°,海拔1 000~1 500 m较湿润的林下、沟边或次生林的高草丛中,种群密度较低;其着生的土壤以黄棕壤、黄壤和红壤为主,以潮土和腐殖土为主,腐殖土厚度5~30cm,p H 6.0~6.8,含水量16.8%~24.2%,土壤容重1.39~2.12;其所处植被类型主要为常绿针叶林、常绿-落叶阔叶混交林和常绿针叶-落叶阔叶混交林,其群落结构包括乔木、灌木和草本3个层次;伴生植物中种子植物总计有86科118属134种,乔木层共有15科21属26种,群落的优势种主要是松科植物如马尾松、油松和巴山松和杉科植物如杉木、柳杉等;灌木层39科54属62种,以油茶、刺楸、三叶木通、扇棕、圆叶鼠李、光叶菝葜等为优势植物种类;草本层32科43属46种,蕨类植物如黑足鳞毛蕨、绵马贯众、尖齿凤丫蕨、三叉耳蕨、掌叶铁线蕨、峨眉蕨贯众、岩蕨、狗脊蕨优势极大;地被层覆盖有大量的地衣和苔藓。其中,马尾松、油松、巴山松、蕨类、地衣和苔藓可作为恩施地区野生竹节参的指示植物。表明野生竹节参对生态环境的要求较高,其伴生植物群落特征以乔木层-灌木层-草本层为主,垂直结构较明显,可依据研究成果实现野生竹节参的驯化和资源保护。
Using typical sampling method, the distribution characteristics, population density, living soil conditions and the characteristics of accompanying plant community of wild bamboo ginseng in different counties and cities in Enshi were studied. The results showed that the wild bamboo ginseng mainly distributed in the east longitude of 29 ° -30 ° north latitude, 108 ° -110 ° north latitude and 1000-1 500 m above sea level, the density of population was lower in wet grass, furrow or secondary forest. The main types of soil are humus and humus, humus thickness 5-30cm, p H 6.0-6.8, water content 16.8% -24.2% and soil bulk density 1.39-2.12; Green coniferous forest, evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and evergreen coniferous-deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest. The community structure includes three levels of trees, shrubs and herbs. There are 86 families, 118 genera and 134 genuses in the accompanying plants There are 15 species, 21 genera and 26 species in the arbor layer. The dominant species in the community are Pinaceae, Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus tabulaeformis and Taxodiaceae, such as Chinese fir and Cryptomeria japonica. There are 62 species of 39 genera and 54 genera in the shrub layer, The main types of plants are Camellia oleifera, Katsura sorica, Cloverwood, Fan brown, Layer 32 families and 43 genera and 46 species of ferns, such as black-footed hair fern, Maomao Public, sharp tooth Phoenix fern, Trident fern, Palmate fern, Emei fern Guanzhong, rock fern, dog ridge fern Great advantage; the ground floor covered with a large number of lichens and moss. Among them, Pinus massoniana, Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus sylvestris, ferns, lichens and moss can be used as indicator plants of wild bamboo ginseng in Enshi. The results showed that wild bamboo had higher requirements for ecological environment. Its accompanying plant community was characterized by arborous layer-shrub layer-herbaceous layer with obvious vertical structure. According to the research results, domestication and resource conservation of wild bamboo can be realized.