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以滨岸带植物为例,针对河道断面形式与植被分布影响河道水流结构、进而影响河流生态功能和河岸稳定等问题,通过种植3种高度模拟植物的梯形断面渠道的12组次水槽试验,分析了梯形生态渠道的沿程水面线、沿程流速及植物带中断面横向与中垂线流速分布、等效糙率。结果表明,植物带前壅水水位随植物高度增加而增大、植物带末端出现水位降低和流速升高区域、植物带断面中垂线流速分布呈大“S”型分布,流速梯度反转值位置随植物高度的增加而升高;断面横向流速对称分布,主槽流速大于边坡区流速,最大流速发生于主槽与边坡交界区。
Taking the coastal plant as an example, 12 groups of sub-flume tracts of trapezoidal channel with 3 highly simulated plants were planted to analyze the influence of the cross-section of the river channel and the distribution of vegetation on the river flow structure, thus affecting the ecological functions and river bank stability. The trapezoid ecological channel along the water line, the flow along the plant and the cross section of the vertical and vertical flow velocity distribution, the equivalent roughness. The results showed that the water level of the antebellum was increased with the increase of the plant height. The water level decreased and the flow rate increased at the end of the plant. The vertical distribution of flow velocity in the plant zone showed a large “S ” type distribution, The position of transfer value increased with plant height increasing. The transverse flow velocity in the cross section was symmetrically distributed. The main flow velocity was higher than the slope flow rate. The maximum flow velocity occurred at the junction of main groove and slope.