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在复合句中作定语、修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词that， which， who （whom， whose）和关系副词when， where， why。弄清楚什么是先行词以及关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，是解题的关键。
一、考查关系代词that引导的
定语从句
关系代词that既可指人也可指物，可以代替who，whom和which。that在定语从句中可作主语或谓语动词的宾语，还可作表语。作宾语、表语时可省略。例如：
1. Do you like music _______ makes you relaxed？
A. it B. what C. who D. that
【解析】 先行词music指物，要填的引导词在从句中作主语，关系代词要用that，选D。
2. —The village _______ I visited last year has changed a lot.
—Really？ I hope to go there one day.
A. that B. who C. when
【解析】 先行词the village指物，要填的引导词在从句中作visited的宾语，所以关系代词用that，选A。
3. My father is no longer the man that he was.
我的爸爸已经不是过去的样子了。
【解析】 关系词that在从句中作表语。
二、考查关系代词which引导的定语从句
关系代词which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或谓语动词的宾语，作宾语时常可省略。例如：
1. This is my beautiful school _______ is near the famous library.
A. where B. which C. who D. when
【解析】 先行词school指物，要填的引导词在从句中充当主语，因此关系代词用which，选B。
2. —Have you found the information about the famous people _______ you can use for the report？
—Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.
A. who B. what C. whom D. which
【解析】 the information about the famous people意思是“关于著名人物的信息”，先行词information指物，要填的引导词在从句中作 use的宾语，因此用关系代词which引导定语从句，选D。
3. —What are you looking for？
—I’m looking for the pen _______ I bought yesterday.
A. who B. which C. whose
【解析】 先行词the pen指物，要填的引导词在从句中作宾语，因此该空要用关系代词which引导定语从句，选B。
【温馨提示】
先行词指物且在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，通常情况下，关系词既可用that，也可用which。但在下列情况下，先行词指物时，只能用that引导，不能用which引导。
（1） 当先行词是不定代词everything，anything，nothing等或被某些不定代词修饰时；
（2） 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时；
（3） 当先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时；
（4） 当主句以there be开头时；
（5） 当先行词前面有the very，the only，the same等修饰语时。
1. There are lots of things _______ I need to prepare before the trip.
A. who B. that
C. whom D. whose
【解析】 先行词things指物，要填的引导词在从句中作宾语，只能用that，选B。
2. I’ve found some pictures of the most interesting places _______ you can visit during the winter holidays.
A. where B. which
C. what D. that
【解析】 先行词places被形容词最高级the most interesting 修饰，要填的引导词在从句中作宾语，因此该空只能选用关系代词that，选D。
三、考查关系代词who， whom， whose引导的定语从句
关系代词who指人，在从句中作主语；whom指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略；先行词在从句中作宾语时，whom可用who代替，如果关系词whom紧跟在介词后，只能用whom；whose既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。例如：
1. Do you know the girl _______ is singing in the classroom？ A. who B. which C. when
【解析】 句意为：你认识正在教室里唱歌的那个女孩吗？先行词the girl指人，要填的引导词充当定语从句中的主语，因此该空应填关系代词who，答案为A。
2. Jim dislikes people _______ talk much but never do anything.
A. whom B. when
C. whose D. who
【解析】 先行词people指人，要填的引导词在从句中作主语，所以选用关系代词who引导定语从句，答案为D。
3. Friends are those _______ make you smile， always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.
A. which B. what C. whom D. who
【解析】 先行词those在此指人，要填的引导词在从句中作主语，因此该空选用关系代词who引导定语从句，答案为D。
4. The girl _______ you talked with at the school gate is our new math teacher.
A. whose B. which C. whom D. what
【解析】 先行词the girl指人，要填的引导词在从句中作talked with的宾语，关系代词要用whom，答案为C。
5. I like the teacher _______ classes are very interesting and creative.
A. which B. who C. what D. whose
【解析】 先行词the teacher指人，要填的引导词在从句中充当定语来修饰主语classes，所以关系代词要用whose，答案为D。
6. He is one of the experienced engineers in this company _______ hard work was repaid with the development of the company.
A. where B. whose
C. in which D. that
【解析】 先行词one of the experienced engineers指人，意思是“众多有经验的工程师之一”，关系代词whose引导定语从句且作定语来修饰work，答案为B。
四、考查关系副词when， where， why引导的定语从句
关系副词when， where， why起连接主句与从句的作用，同时又在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。
（一）when指时间，在从句中充当时间状语，且先行词都是表示时间的名词。如time， month， day， hour， date， week， year等。
1. I began to work in Shanghai in the year _______ Hong Kong was returned to China.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【解析】 句意为：我是在香港回归中国的那一年开始在上海工作的。先行词the year指时间，关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语，选D。
2. I can’t forget the time _______ the earthquake happened in Yushu.
A. when B. which C. that D. where
【解析】 句意为：我不能忘记在玉树地震发生的那一刻。先行词the time是表示时间的名词，关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语，选A。
（二）where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语从句，先行词为表地点的名词。如place， room， house， factory， school， city， town， spot等。
1. This is the school _______ I studied three years ago.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
【解析】 先行词the school为地点名词，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，选A。
2. —What do you usually do in your leisure time？
—I enjoy reading in the library _______ I lose myself in a world of good books.
A. which B. that C. where
【解析】 先行词in the library指地点，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，选C。
（三）why表原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语，why的先行词只有一个：reason。
1. I know the reason _______ she didn’t come yesterday.
A. which B. that C. why D. where
【解析】 先行词the reason表原因，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语，选C。
一、考查关系代词that引导的
定语从句
关系代词that既可指人也可指物，可以代替who，whom和which。that在定语从句中可作主语或谓语动词的宾语，还可作表语。作宾语、表语时可省略。例如：
1. Do you like music _______ makes you relaxed？
A. it B. what C. who D. that
【解析】 先行词music指物，要填的引导词在从句中作主语，关系代词要用that，选D。
2. —The village _______ I visited last year has changed a lot.
—Really？ I hope to go there one day.
A. that B. who C. when
【解析】 先行词the village指物，要填的引导词在从句中作visited的宾语，所以关系代词用that，选A。
3. My father is no longer the man that he was.
我的爸爸已经不是过去的样子了。
【解析】 关系词that在从句中作表语。
二、考查关系代词which引导的定语从句
关系代词which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或谓语动词的宾语，作宾语时常可省略。例如：
1. This is my beautiful school _______ is near the famous library.
A. where B. which C. who D. when
【解析】 先行词school指物，要填的引导词在从句中充当主语，因此关系代词用which，选B。
2. —Have you found the information about the famous people _______ you can use for the report？
—Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.
A. who B. what C. whom D. which
【解析】 the information about the famous people意思是“关于著名人物的信息”，先行词information指物，要填的引导词在从句中作 use的宾语，因此用关系代词which引导定语从句，选D。
3. —What are you looking for？
—I’m looking for the pen _______ I bought yesterday.
A. who B. which C. whose
【解析】 先行词the pen指物，要填的引导词在从句中作宾语，因此该空要用关系代词which引导定语从句，选B。
【温馨提示】
先行词指物且在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，通常情况下，关系词既可用that，也可用which。但在下列情况下，先行词指物时，只能用that引导，不能用which引导。
（1） 当先行词是不定代词everything，anything，nothing等或被某些不定代词修饰时；
（2） 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时；
（3） 当先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时；
（4） 当主句以there be开头时；
（5） 当先行词前面有the very，the only，the same等修饰语时。
1. There are lots of things _______ I need to prepare before the trip.
A. who B. that
C. whom D. whose
【解析】 先行词things指物，要填的引导词在从句中作宾语，只能用that，选B。
2. I’ve found some pictures of the most interesting places _______ you can visit during the winter holidays.
A. where B. which
C. what D. that
【解析】 先行词places被形容词最高级the most interesting 修饰，要填的引导词在从句中作宾语，因此该空只能选用关系代词that，选D。
三、考查关系代词who， whom， whose引导的定语从句
关系代词who指人，在从句中作主语；whom指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略；先行词在从句中作宾语时，whom可用who代替，如果关系词whom紧跟在介词后，只能用whom；whose既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。例如：
1. Do you know the girl _______ is singing in the classroom？ A. who B. which C. when
【解析】 句意为：你认识正在教室里唱歌的那个女孩吗？先行词the girl指人，要填的引导词充当定语从句中的主语，因此该空应填关系代词who，答案为A。
2. Jim dislikes people _______ talk much but never do anything.
A. whom B. when
C. whose D. who
【解析】 先行词people指人，要填的引导词在从句中作主语，所以选用关系代词who引导定语从句，答案为D。
3. Friends are those _______ make you smile， always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.
A. which B. what C. whom D. who
【解析】 先行词those在此指人，要填的引导词在从句中作主语，因此该空选用关系代词who引导定语从句，答案为D。
4. The girl _______ you talked with at the school gate is our new math teacher.
A. whose B. which C. whom D. what
【解析】 先行词the girl指人，要填的引导词在从句中作talked with的宾语，关系代词要用whom，答案为C。
5. I like the teacher _______ classes are very interesting and creative.
A. which B. who C. what D. whose
【解析】 先行词the teacher指人，要填的引导词在从句中充当定语来修饰主语classes，所以关系代词要用whose，答案为D。
6. He is one of the experienced engineers in this company _______ hard work was repaid with the development of the company.
A. where B. whose
C. in which D. that
【解析】 先行词one of the experienced engineers指人，意思是“众多有经验的工程师之一”，关系代词whose引导定语从句且作定语来修饰work，答案为B。
四、考查关系副词when， where， why引导的定语从句
关系副词when， where， why起连接主句与从句的作用，同时又在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。
（一）when指时间，在从句中充当时间状语，且先行词都是表示时间的名词。如time， month， day， hour， date， week， year等。
1. I began to work in Shanghai in the year _______ Hong Kong was returned to China.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【解析】 句意为：我是在香港回归中国的那一年开始在上海工作的。先行词the year指时间，关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语，选D。
2. I can’t forget the time _______ the earthquake happened in Yushu.
A. when B. which C. that D. where
【解析】 句意为：我不能忘记在玉树地震发生的那一刻。先行词the time是表示时间的名词，关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语，选A。
（二）where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语从句，先行词为表地点的名词。如place， room， house， factory， school， city， town， spot等。
1. This is the school _______ I studied three years ago.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
【解析】 先行词the school为地点名词，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，选A。
2. —What do you usually do in your leisure time？
—I enjoy reading in the library _______ I lose myself in a world of good books.
A. which B. that C. where
【解析】 先行词in the library指地点，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，选C。
（三）why表原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语，why的先行词只有一个：reason。
1. I know the reason _______ she didn’t come yesterday.
A. which B. that C. why D. where
【解析】 先行词the reason表原因，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语，选C。