◎次级管理的一些特征:首先是道义上的低标准,管理者没有充分履行自己的社会责任,甚至在用管理工具推卸自己的责任◎次级管理是相对于卓越管理而言的,当卓越管理成为一种时尚的时候,一般没有人会承认自己是在进行次级管理;当卓越管理往往有以高科技为标志的管理工具时,管理者就可能用对管理工具的引进来代替卓越管理的追求,有意或者无意地陷入次级管理 ◎ Some characteristics of sub-management: The first is the moral low standard, managers did not fully fulfill their social responsibilities, and even with their management tools to shirk their responsibility ◎ sub-management is relative to excellence in management, when excellence When management becomes a fashion, no one generally admits that it is doing sub-management. When management of excellence often has high-tech management tools, managers may use the introduction of management tools instead of management excellence The pursuit of, intentionally or unintentionally into secondary management