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在一定意义上,可以把经济体制理解成为实现一定的经济目标而采用的某种手段。但在现实中,个别经济体制所实现的经济结果与体制参与者所要追求的经济目标之间并不一定吻合。如果把二者吻合时的体制状态定义为适度经济体制,那么二者背离时就需要通过体制变革以逼近适度经济体制。体制变动的成效可以通过“体制收益”,即因体制由一状态向另一状态过渡所带来的经济效果扣除“体制变动成本”后的净增来说明。基于这种思路,我们可以通过对个别经济体制状态的描述和理解、经济体制的横向借鉴、可供选择的理论模式的比较、“试错法”的应用和经济体制的创新实现经济体制的择优。
In a certain sense, we can understand the economic system as a means of achieving certain economic goals. However, in reality, the economic results achieved by individual economic systems do not necessarily coincide with the economic goals pursued by institutional participants. If we define the institutional state at the time of their coincidence as a moderate economic system, then the two need to approach the appropriate economic system through institutional changes when they deviate from each other. The effectiveness of institutional changes can be illustrated by the “institutional gain,” ie, the net effect of deducting “the cost of system changes” from the economic effect of the transition from one state to another. Based on this kind of train of thought, we can realize the choice of economic system through the description and understanding of the status of individual economic system, the horizontal reference of economic system, the comparison of alternative theoretical models, the application of “trial and error” and the innovation of economic system .