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本文通过对逻辑预设、语用预设和价值预设的不同侧面的分析,通过对预设、衍推和含义之间的异同对比,主张预设是具有如下属性的一种潜在性命题:1)它的真是话语字面义为真或合适的必要条件。2)它是否为真取决于交际者是否拥有相同的定识,以及他们谈论的是不是属于相同世界内的对象和现象。3)它的真取决于交际者选择了彼此都能把握的,尤其是他们所属语言集团的成员所习用的表达方式。
Through the analysis of the different sides of logic presupposition, pragmatic presupposition and value presupposition, this paper argues that presupposition is a kind of potential proposition with the following properties by comparing the similarities and differences between presupposition, deduction and meaning: 1) It’s really necessary if the words are literal true or appropriate. 2) Whether it is true or not depends on whether communicators have the same general knowledge and whether they are talking about objects and phenomena that belong to the same world. 3) It really depends on how communicators choose each other to grasp, especially the expressions used by members of the linguistic group to which they belong.