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1.价值规律是怎样支配市场经济活动的? (1)支配市场活动的规律,总的来说是价值规律。价值规律的实现形式是以利益为动因,由供求规律、价格规律、竞争规律共同支配市场活动。 (2)供求规律表明市场供给和需求是怎样决定的。在其它因素一定的条件下,市场供求的变化取决于价格的变动。价格上升,能使供给者增加收益,但对需求者不利。由此激发供给增加,而需求减少。价格下降,会使供给者减少收益,却对需求者有利。由此引起供给减少需求增加。 价格规律表明商品的市场价格是怎样决定的。在其它因素一定的条件下,价格的变化决定于商品供求关系的变化,商品供大于求,会出现买方市场,将使价格下降。商品供不应求,会出现卖方市场,买者需求将推动价格上涨。 竞争规律表明优胜劣汰是怎样发生的。竞争成败的关键主要取决于企业能否投资于有销售市场,有发展前途,有较高效益的领域,是否有适应技术进步和市场需求变化而作出调整的能力,取决于企业能否提供价廉物美的商品,能否占领市场,扩大市场。 (3)价值规律能有效支配市场活动的原因,
1. How is the law of value governing the activities of the market economy? (1) The law governing the activities of the market is, in general, the law of value. The realization of the law of value is based on the interests of motivation, by the law of supply and demand, price rules, the law of competition jointly dominate the market. (2) The law of supply and demand shows how market supply and demand are determined. Under certain conditions of other factors, the market supply and demand changes depend on the price changes. Price increases, can make suppliers increase revenue, but detrimental to consumers. As a result, the supply is stimulated and the demand is reduced. Lower prices will allow suppliers to reduce revenue, but on the detriment of consumers. As a result, the demand for supply is reduced. The price rule shows how the market price of a commodity is determined. Under certain conditions of other factors, the price changes depend on the changes of the supply and demand of commodities. When the supply of commodities exceeds the demand, the buyer’s market will appear and the price will drop. In short supply, there will be a seller’s market, buyer demand will push prices up. The law of competition shows how the survival of the fittest occurs. The key to success or failure depends mainly on whether an enterprise can invest in areas that have a sales market, a promising future and a high level of efficiency, and whether its ability to make adjustments to adapt to technological progress and changes in market demand depends on whether an enterprise can provide a low price Wumart goods, can capture the market, expand the market. (3) the law of value can effectively control the reasons for market activities,