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在以往关于国际化的研究中,制度环境常常会被认为是能影响企业经营绩效的一个不可忽视的关键因素。为了进一步解释企业如何有效地解决因东道国的制度环境带来的不适,许多学者提出了自己的观点。部分学者基于“制度距离”这一视角支持企业会受到外部环境限制这一观点,比较资本主义学派则将制度多样化视为企业拥有的一项资源,认为企业可以依据不同的制度环境特征来获得支持不同经济活动的比较制度优势。本文在梳理国外文献的基础上,从比较制度优势的概念、来源以及影响这三方面进行总结评述,并在此基础上给出了未来研究方向。通过对国内外文献的梳理,笔者认为企业进行国际化经营时不能只考虑如何去适应东道国的制度环境,还应该合理利用不同制度之间存在的互补性来获得竞争优势。
In the past on the internationalization of the study, the institutional environment is often considered to be able to affect the business performance of a key can not be ignored. In order to further explain how enterprises can effectively solve the discomfort caused by the host country’s institutional environment, many scholars put forward their own views. Some scholars support the idea that enterprises will be limited by the external environment based on the perspective of “system distance ”. Comparative capitalism sees institutional diversification as a resource owned by enterprises, and believes that enterprises can rely on different institutional environment characteristics To gain the comparative advantage of supporting different economic activities. Based on the review of foreign literature, this article summarizes the concepts, sources and impacts of institutional comparative advantages, and on this basis gives the future research direction. Through reviewing the literature both at home and abroad, I believe that enterprises should not only consider how to adapt to the host country’s institutional environment for international operations, but also should take reasonable advantage of the complementarities between different systems to gain competitive advantage.