孝从一种观念性的存在到在现实生活中为人们所普遍践行 ,离不开秦汉之际对孝的操作化设计 ,即对孝的层次化、规范化和系统化发展。我们今天要继续弘扬孝道 ,真正使孝大化流行 ,就必须从历史中吸取经验教训 ,以秦汉之际孝的操作化为参考 ,对孝进行科学的理论设计 From a conceptual existence to a universal practice in real life, filial piety can not be separated from the operational design of filial piety in the Qin and Han dynasties, that is, the hierarchical, standardized and systematic development of filial piety. Today, we must continue to promote filial piety. If we really make filial piety popular, we must learn lessons from history and make reference to the filial piety operation during the Qin and Han dynasties