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一第二次世界大战后,围绕着欠发达国家尤其是拉美国家的研究逐渐形成了一种理论——现代化理论。这种理论认为,随着工业化的不断发展,社会的落后与封闭状态被打破,各种不同文化的差异在消失;第三世界之所以不发达是因为存在着“内部障碍”,西方发达国家是工业发展的动力。但是拉美的工业化和城市化并没有带来理论家们所预想的发展,相反,随之而产生的是许多社会问题,现代化进程虽然导致拉美传统结构的破裂,但在拉美国家也没有出现许多理论家们所预想的现代社会,而是社会的混乱和保守的极权统治。
After World War II, the research around the less developed countries, especially Latin American countries gradually formed a theory - the theory of modernization. This theory holds that with the continuous development of industrialization, the backwardness and closedness of society have been broken and the differences among different cultures have disappeared. The reason why the Third World is underdeveloped is due to the existence of “internal obstacles” and that in the developed western countries The driving force of industrial development. However, the industrialization and urbanization in Latin America did not bring the development expected by the theoreticians. On the contrary, many social problems ensued. Although the process of modernization led to the breakdown of the traditional structure in Latin America, there were not many theories in Latin American countries The modern society envisioned by the family, but social chaos and conservative totalitarian rule.