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目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)对大鼠胎肺形态结构及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响。方法将孕鼠随机分为对照组、糖尿病组(GDM组),GDM组孕鼠于孕6 d腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)45 mg/kg,对照组腹腔注射等量柠檬酸钠缓冲液。孕18 d剖腹取出胎肺,进行HE染色观察胎肺组织形态发育及免疫组织化学方法检测VEGF蛋白的表达情况。结果成功建立了动物模型,光镜下,与对照组相比,GDM组肺泡数目较少,肺泡腔结构较小,肺泡间隔厚度较厚(P<0.05)。对照组和GDM组的平均肺泡面积分别是(225.97±36.06)μm2、(189.75±33.12)μm2(P<0.05)。免疫组化示VEGF主要表达于支气管上皮细胞膜上,对照组和GDM组大鼠胎肺VEGF的平均光密度值分别为(0.382±0.012)、(0.423±0.015)(P<0.05)。结论 GDM延迟胎肺发育,GDM胎肺早期VEGF表达增多,可能与GDM胎肺发育延迟相关。
Objective To investigate the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on fetal lung morphology and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods Pregnant mice were randomly divided into control group, diabetic group (GDM group) and pregnant rats in GDM group. Intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) 45 mg / kg on the 6th day of gestation, control group received the same amount of sodium citrate buffer liquid. The fetus was taken out of the abdomen for 18 days to observe the morphological changes of fetal lung tissue and the expression of VEGF protein by immunohistochemistry. Results The animal model was successfully established. Compared with the control group, the number of alveoli in GDM group was smaller, the structure of alveolar cavity was smaller and the thickness of alveolar septum was thicker (P <0.05). The average alveolar area in the control and GDM groups was (225.97 ± 36.06) μm2 and (189.75 ± 33.12) μm2, respectively (P <0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that VEGF was mainly expressed on the membrane of bronchial epithelial cells. The mean optical density of fetal lung VEGF in the control group and GDM group was (0.382 ± 0.012) and (0.423 ± 0.015), respectively (P <0.05). Conclusion GDM delays the development of fetal lungs and increases the expression of VEGF in early stage of GDM fetal lung, which may be related to the delayed development of fetal lung in GDM.