超声波是振动次数超过每秒二尤次的声波。这种声波是人的耳朵不能听见的,所以又叫做“听不见的声音”。超声波有许多特异的性质,它能破坏或捣碎各种物质,可以清除空气中的塵土或煤烟,促进植物的成长或杀死细菌等。但是超声波最大的用途在用检验金属零件的缺陷。苏联科学家沙可格夫利用超声波创造了超声波显微镜,用这种显微镜可以看到不透明物体内部的裂缝、沙眼等的放大像。这篇文章很扼要的介绍了超声波的一些性质,和沙可洛夫超声波显微镜的简单原理。 Ultrasound is a sound wave that has more than two vibrations per second. This sound wave is not heard by the human ear, so it is also called “inaudible sound.” Ultrasound has many specific properties. It can destroy or smash various substances. It can remove dust or soot from the air, promote the growth of plants or kill bacteria. But the biggest use of ultrasonics is to use inspection of defects in metal parts. Soviet scientist Sha Keev used ultrasonic waves to create an ultrasonic microscope. With this kind of microscope, he can see the enlarged images of cracks, trachoma, etc. inside opaque objects. This article gives a brief overview of some of the properties of ultrasound and the simple principle of Shakerov’s ultrasound microscope.