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讨论符号的任意性总绕不开现代符号学创始人之一索绪尔。虽然此前的“名实之争”可以追溯至古希腊时期甚至更早,但索氏将这一问题与不同的符号类型连在一起,可以说是别出心裁。在他看来,语言中绝大多数词语与它们所指称的对象并无本质上的联系,只有少数词语(如象声词)例外,人们在后者身上往往可以发现某种像似性。本文提出的主要观点是,像似性在语言中所起的作用远大于索绪尔的描述;不仅如此,符号的任意性与理据性之间实际上没有矛盾,学界对这一问题的认识长期存在不足。
The arbitrariness of the discussion symbol always surrounds Saussure, one of the founders of modern semiotics. Although the previous “war of realities” dates back to ancient Greece even earlier, Soxhower linked this question to different symbolic types, which can be described as ingenuity. In his view, the vast majority of words in language are not intrinsically linked to the objects they refer to, except for a few words (such as onomatopoeia), where one can often find something resemblance. The main point raised in this paper is that the role of iconicity in language is far greater than Saussure’s description. Moreover, there is virtually no contradiction between the arbitrariness and motivation of symbols, and the academic community has long been aware of this issue It has a shortpart.