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1 概述第一代喹诺酮类抗菌药萘啶酸(nalidixic acid)于1963年投入临床使用,迄今已有近30年历史。由于该药抗菌谱较窄,易产生耐药性,毒副作用又较多,故其应用受到限制。70年代初,日本推出吡哌酸(pi-pemidic acid)等第二代抗菌药,这类药物抗菌谱较广,抗菌活性较强,在组织中浓度较高,故被用来治疗尿路感染和其他系统感染。自80年代起,陆续有以氟哌酸(norfloxacin)为代表的含氟抗菌药问世,标志着新一代广谱、高效、低毒抗菌药的崛起。
1 Overview The first generation of quinolone antibacterial nalidixic acid (nalidixic acid) put into clinical use in 1963, so far, nearly 30 years of history. As the antibacterial spectrum of the drug narrower, prone to drug resistance, toxicity and more, so its application is limited. In the early 1970s, Japan launched the second-generation antimicrobial drugs such as pi-pemidic acid. These drugs have a broad antimicrobial spectrum, strong antibacterial activity and high concentrations in tissues and are therefore used to treat urinary tract infections And other system infections. Since the 1980s, one after another of norfloxacin (norfloxacin) as the representative of the fluorine-containing antibacterial drugs come out, marking a new generation of broad-spectrum, high efficiency, the rise of low-toxic antibacterials.