当前，角膜塑形镜控制近视进展的有效性已得到初步认可，是近视治疗的常见临床手段之一。角膜塑形镜主要应用于儿童和青少年人群，其安全性须长期关注。文章回顾了有关角膜塑形镜安全性研究的文献，最严重的不良反应为微生物角膜炎，其他常见不良反应包括角膜基质浸润、角膜上皮损伤、结膜炎、角膜色素环，此外，泪膜、内皮细胞、角膜厚度、角膜生物力学性质的改变可能带来潜在的安全性影响。其病因、机制、发生率及长期影响多无一致结论，需进一步研究证实。目前，鉴于近视的低龄化发生及向高度近视发展的形势，角膜塑形镜作为临床控制近视的有效措施，仍需注重和观察其应用的安全性和评估其长期效果。“,”At present, the effectiveness of orthokeratology lenses in controlling the progression of myopia has been preliminarily recognized, and it is one of the common clinical methods in the treatment of myopia. Orthokeratology is mainly used in children and adolescents, so there should be persistent concern about safety. This article reviews the information about orthokeratology\'s safety from related literature. Microbial keratitis is the most serious adverse reaction. Other common adverse reactions include corneal stromal infiltration, corneal epithelium damage, conjunctivitis, corneal pigment ring, in addition, changes in lacrimal film, endothelial cells, corneal thickness and corneal biomechanical properties may also bring potential safety concerns. There are few concordant conclusions on etiology, mechanism, incidence and long-term effects, which are needed to be confirmed by further studies. Currently, in view of the occurrence of myopia at a young age and the tendency of myopia to develop into high myopia, orthokeratology is an effective means of clinical myopia control, and has beneficial application values. But it is still important to pay attention to its application safety and evaluate its long-term effects.