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认知渗透指的是这样一种现象,认知有时会反过来影响知觉。认知渗透会给信念的形成引入循环结构。这决定了被渗透的知觉经验是不能辩护信念的。因此,任何会做出认知提升预测的知觉辩护理论都是有问题的。独断论会做出认知提升的预测,它是有问题的。独断论要摆脱困境,要么就找到一个击败者,要么就给出一个说明以使得认知提升的预测变得合理。但这两种方式都是行不通的。认知渗透带来的挑战也适用于其他知觉辩护理论,并且,这种挑战可以一般化到超出认知提升的预测的情形,因而对知觉辩护理论构成了普遍威胁。一个知觉辩护理论要能应对认知渗透所带来的挑战,就需要对知觉经验的起因给出限制性说明。
Cognitive penetration refers to the phenomenon that cognition sometimes affects perceptions. Cognitive infiltration leads to the formation of beliefs into a cyclic structure. This determines that infiltration of the perceptual experience can not defend the faith. Therefore, any theory of perceptual defense that makes predictions of cognitive enhancement is problematic. Dictatorship makes predictions of cognitive ascension and it is problematic. Dictatorship To get out of the woods, either find an opponent or give a statement that makes predictions of cognitive ascension reasonable. But neither of these methods will work. The challenges posed by cognitive penetration also apply to other theories of perceptual defense, and such challenges can be generalized beyond the predictions of cognitive ascension and thus constitute a pervasive threat to the theory of perceptual justification. A perceptional defense theory that addresses the challenges of cognitive penetration requires a restrictive explanation of the causes of perceptual experience.