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儒学在近代成为进步思潮的批判对象,并丧失了文化主位性,这有其历史的必然原因。但“五四”的批儒,有简单化和过于政治化之失,儒学只是被简单地抛弃,并没有被扬弃。“文革”再度批儒。“文革”的破产及儒学在东亚若干国家现代化过程中的某些积极作用,使批儒反孔的进步性首次受到怀疑。最近文化热中儒学虽又一次受到批判,但全盘否定儒学的潮流已不能左右知识界。许多学者正在努力超越传统,也超越反传统,从自外部打倒传统进到在内部创造性地转化传统,以便在多元化的文化趋势中重建民族主体文化。儒学不可能恢复历史上的主位性,但其精华经过加工改造可以成为现代社会生活的积极因素。在人生哲学方面,儒学注重焕发人的生命活力;相信人可以自我完善、自我超越;并把人生的价值与国家民族的命运联系在一起。这三点具有现代意义。在社会伦理方面,我们要继承发扬儒家重道德礼貌的传统,要重新评价和改造“五常”说,要把“五伦”中的朋友一伦提到首位,并推广于其他一切人际关系之中。
Confucianism has become the object of criticism of progressive ideological trends in modern times and has lost its cultural mastership, which has its historical inevitable causes. However, the criticism and approval of the May 4th Movement was simplistic and too politicized. Confucianism was simply abandoned and not abandoned. “Cultural Revolution” criticism again. The bankruptcy of the “Cultural Revolution” and the positive role of Confucianism in the modernization of several countries in East Asia have made it doubtful for the Confucianists to resist the Confucian progress for the first time. Confucianism in the recent heat of culture is once again criticized, but the overall denial of the trend of Confucianism can no longer affect the intellectual community. Many scholars are striving to go beyond traditions and beyond anti-traditions, from overthrowing traditions from the outside to creatively transforming traditions internally so as to rebuild the nationalist culture in a wide range of cultural trends. Confucianism can not restore historical mastership, but its essence can be a positive factor in modern social life through its transformation. In the aspect of philosophy of life, Confucianism pays great attention to rejuvenating human vitality; believing that man can improve himself and surpass himself; and linking the value of life with the destiny of the nation. These three points have modern significance. In the aspect of social ethics, we must inherit and carry forward Confucianism’s tradition of respecting morality and courtesy. We must reevaluate and reform the “Five Represents” and take the first mention of friends in “Five Lunches” and promote it in all other interpersonal relationships .