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Q:学了how often的用法后,我在做“就划线部分提问”一类试题时老是分辨不了该用how often还是该用how many times,请讲讲这两个词组用法的区别好吗?
A: 好的。how many times表示“多少次”,用来询问次数,用于就once, twice, three times, four times 等表示次数的单词或短语提问。how often 表示“多久一次;多常”,用来询问频率,用于就once a week, twice a month, three times a year等短语提问。请看下面两个例子:
They go to the movies twice a month.(就划线部分提问)
→ How many times do they go to the movie a month? 他们一个月去多少次电影院?
He watches TV three times a week.(就划线部分提问)
→ How often does he watch TV?他多 久看一次电视?
Q: 翻译“虽然他很有钱,但他并不很快乐。”时我译为Although he has much money, but he isn’t very happy. 老师说我犯了错。请问我错在哪里?
A: 你这种译法犯了“蛇足类”错误。用although或but 表示“虽然……,但是……”时,应避免受汉语的影响,although和but 不能同时出现在一句话中。所以“虽然他很有钱,但他并不很快乐”的正确译法为:Although he has much money, he isn’t very happy. 或 He has much money, but he isn’t very happy.
【知识延伸】 用because或 so 表示“因為……,所以……”时,也应遵循上述原则。例如:翻译“因为他昨天生病了,所以他没去上学。”
Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school yesterday. (×)
Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. (√)
He was ill, so he didn’t go to school yesterday. (√)
Q: “be v-ing”结构既可表示某动作正在进行, 也可表示某动作将要发生。面对含有这种结构的句子,我们该如何确定这种结构属于哪种用法呢?
A: 分辨含有“be v-ing”结构句子的用法主要是通过比较句子末尾的时间状语确定:含有now, these days等时间状语的句子中的“be v-ing”结构表示动作正在发生;含有表将来时间状语的句子中的“be v-ing”结构表示动作将要发生。例如:
He is watching TV in his room now. 他现在正在房间里看电视。(现在进行时)
I’m going to Hawaii for vacation next month. 下个月我将去夏威夷度假。(一般将来时)
若含有“be v-ing”结构的句子没有时间状语,则必须根据句意、语境或上下文来分辨它属于哪种用法。例如:
Don’t make noise. I’m doing my homework. 不要吵,我正在做作业。(动作正在发生)
—What is Linda doing for vacation?琳达假期将干什么?
—She is going to visit her friends in Tibet.她将去西藏看她的朋友。(动作将要发生)
此外,以look, listen等动词开头的祈使句中的“be v-ing”结构通常表示某一动作正在发生。例如:
Look! These boys are having lunch.看!这些男孩们正在吃午饭。
Listen! The children are singing over there.听!孩子们在那边唱歌。
Q: 第三单元中的I heard that Canada is beautiful, and I know there are many people there who speak French. 这句话,我弄不明白句中who一词的用法,能给我些点拨吗?
A: 句中的I know there are many people there who speak French. 是一个宾语从句,意思为“我知道那里有许多人说法语”,从句there are many people there who speak French中包含一个定语从句,who speak French 用来修饰many people,many people是先行词,who是引导词,在定语从句中充当主语。又如:
Do you know the boy who is reading in the classroom? 你认识在教室里看书的那个男孩吗?(the boy是先行词,who is reading in the classroom是定语从句,引导词who充当从句的主语)
A: 好的。how many times表示“多少次”,用来询问次数,用于就once, twice, three times, four times 等表示次数的单词或短语提问。how often 表示“多久一次;多常”,用来询问频率,用于就once a week, twice a month, three times a year等短语提问。请看下面两个例子:
They go to the movies twice a month.(就划线部分提问)
→ How many times do they go to the movie a month? 他们一个月去多少次电影院?
He watches TV three times a week.(就划线部分提问)
→ How often does he watch TV?他多 久看一次电视?
Q: 翻译“虽然他很有钱,但他并不很快乐。”时我译为Although he has much money, but he isn’t very happy. 老师说我犯了错。请问我错在哪里?
A: 你这种译法犯了“蛇足类”错误。用although或but 表示“虽然……,但是……”时,应避免受汉语的影响,although和but 不能同时出现在一句话中。所以“虽然他很有钱,但他并不很快乐”的正确译法为:Although he has much money, he isn’t very happy. 或 He has much money, but he isn’t very happy.
【知识延伸】 用because或 so 表示“因為……,所以……”时,也应遵循上述原则。例如:翻译“因为他昨天生病了,所以他没去上学。”
Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school yesterday. (×)
Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. (√)
He was ill, so he didn’t go to school yesterday. (√)
Q: “be v-ing”结构既可表示某动作正在进行, 也可表示某动作将要发生。面对含有这种结构的句子,我们该如何确定这种结构属于哪种用法呢?
A: 分辨含有“be v-ing”结构句子的用法主要是通过比较句子末尾的时间状语确定:含有now, these days等时间状语的句子中的“be v-ing”结构表示动作正在发生;含有表将来时间状语的句子中的“be v-ing”结构表示动作将要发生。例如:
He is watching TV in his room now. 他现在正在房间里看电视。(现在进行时)
I’m going to Hawaii for vacation next month. 下个月我将去夏威夷度假。(一般将来时)
若含有“be v-ing”结构的句子没有时间状语,则必须根据句意、语境或上下文来分辨它属于哪种用法。例如:
Don’t make noise. I’m doing my homework. 不要吵,我正在做作业。(动作正在发生)
—What is Linda doing for vacation?琳达假期将干什么?
—She is going to visit her friends in Tibet.她将去西藏看她的朋友。(动作将要发生)
此外,以look, listen等动词开头的祈使句中的“be v-ing”结构通常表示某一动作正在发生。例如:
Look! These boys are having lunch.看!这些男孩们正在吃午饭。
Listen! The children are singing over there.听!孩子们在那边唱歌。
Q: 第三单元中的I heard that Canada is beautiful, and I know there are many people there who speak French. 这句话,我弄不明白句中who一词的用法,能给我些点拨吗?
A: 句中的I know there are many people there who speak French. 是一个宾语从句,意思为“我知道那里有许多人说法语”,从句there are many people there who speak French中包含一个定语从句,who speak French 用来修饰many people,many people是先行词,who是引导词,在定语从句中充当主语。又如:
Do you know the boy who is reading in the classroom? 你认识在教室里看书的那个男孩吗?(the boy是先行词,who is reading in the classroom是定语从句,引导词who充当从句的主语)