对安乐死如何成为一个问题进行追究可以使我们更好地界定安乐死的性质,从而准确地把握安乐死的问题域。可是这样的工作一直令人遗憾地被忽视了。尽管有人认为安乐死有着古老渊源,但在笔者看来,安乐死还主要是一个现代性问题,它只是在现代社会的背景下才成为可能。也正是由于此,安乐死也背上了现代性理论的重负而成为一个悬而未决的问题。本文首先追溯传统向现代的转变过程为安乐死提供的可能性,然后阐述由于这种转变给安乐死的合法性论证带来的根本难题。 Investigating how euthanasia becomes a problem allows us to better define the nature of euthanasia and thus accurately capture the euthanasia’s problem domain. However, such work has been regrettably overlooked. Although some people think that euthanasia has an ancient origin, in my opinion, euthanasia is still mainly a question of modernity, which is only possible in the context of modern society. Precisely because of this, euthanasia also posed a heavy burden of modernity theory and became an unresolved issue. This article first traces the possibility of euthanasia offered by the traditional shift to modernity and then elaborates on the fundamental problems that arose from the transition to the legitimacy of euthanasia.