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中国各地区间劳动力市场相对分割,劳动力在地区间自由流动存在制度障碍,同时由于各地区经济发展水平的差异导致工资率存在较大差异,进而可能导致各地区城镇居民劳动参与行为存在较大差异。应用微观经济计量方法分析中国东中西部地区城镇居民的劳动参与行为,并估算不同地区城镇居民劳动参与的工资弹性。结果表明:在每个地区内部,女性劳动参与的工资弹性均明显大于男性劳动参与的工资弹性;随着地区工资率的上升,女性劳动参与率明显上升,劳动参与工资弹性明显下降;随着地区工资率的上升,男性劳动参与率呈现出上升趋势,但劳动参与工资弹性没有显示出持续下降趋势。因此,消除户籍制度形成的劳动力市场分割,提高工资水平,不仅能够有效地促进城镇居民的劳动参与和就业,而且有助于抑制地区之间收入差距的持续扩大。
Due to the relative division of labor markets among different regions in China, there are institutional barriers to the free movement of labor among regions. At the same time, there is a big difference in wage rates due to the differences in economic development among different regions, which in turn may lead to large differences in labor participation among urban residents in various regions. The microeconomic measurement method is used to analyze the labor participation behavior of urban residents in the eastern, central and western regions of China and to estimate the wage elasticity of urban residents' labor participation in different regions. The results show that within each region, the wage elasticity of female labor participation is significantly greater than the wage elasticity of male labor participation. With the increase of regional wage rates, the participation rate of female labor obviously rises and the labor participation wage elasticity drops obviously. As the region With the increase of the wage rate, the male labor force participation rate shows an upward trend, but the wage elasticity of labor participation does not show a continuous downward trend. Therefore, eliminating the labor market segmentation and increasing the wage level formed by the household registration system can not only effectively promote the labor force participation and employment of urban residents, but also help prevent the income gap between regions from expanding continuously.