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目的描述北京市鼠疫媒介蚤的分布特征和种群结构。方法在北京市西、北的5个区设立监测点,每年4-10月使用笼捕法捕捉活鼠,乙醚麻醉后梳检蚤,鉴定种属后计算染蚤率和蚤指数。结果调查中,共检鼠666只,捕获蚤类5种100组305只,包括屈褶副角蚤、窄板额蚤、二齿新蚤、印鼠客蚤和多齿细蚤。鼠染蚤率为15.08%,总蚤指数为0.46。野外环境中,岩松鼠有较高的染蚤率(47.93%)和蚤指数(1.84),家栖鼠中褐家鼠体表检出有印鼠客蚤,蚤指数为0.10。结论北京市优势蚤种为鼠疫媒介效能低的屈褶副角蚤,鼠疫本地传播的可能性较小。
Objective To describe the distribution and population structure of plague vector fleas in Beijing. Methods The monitoring points were set up in 5 districts in the west and north of Beijing. The living rats were captured by cage catching method from April to October every year. The fleas were combed after anesthesia with ether. The flea flea index and flea index were calculated after identification of species. Results In the investigation, 666 mice were seized, and 305 species of 5 species and 100 fleas of fleas were captured, including flea, fleet, flea, flea, and flea. The rate of rodent flea was 15.08% and the total flea index was 0.46. In the wild, the rock squirrel had a higher rate of flea infection (47.93%) and a flea index (1.84). The domestic flea fleece was detected in the domesticated rat, with a flea index of 0.10. Conclusion The predatory flea in Beijing is a low-yielding M. falciparum with low plague potential, but the possibility of local spread of the plague is low.