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目的核实诊断,确认暴发的发生,掌握流行情况;暴发因素分析;控制和消除疫情。方法暴发调查,病例个案调查,血清学检查(ELISA法)。结果2006年4月14日至5月24日喀左县东哨乡发生麻疹39例,经临床、血清学及流行病学调查证实为麻疹暴发。暴发点为东哨村小学、东哨乡中学。小学生发病33例,罹患率7.39%,中学生发病6例,罹患率1.56%。患者主要表现为发热、全身性斑丘疹伴咳嗽、卡他性鼻炎和结膜炎症状,部分病例看到麻疹粘膜斑。采集19例病人急性期血清标本检测麻疹IgM抗体,阳性14例,证实麻疹暴发结论暴发因素是麻疹疫苗常规免疫接种率低,存在免疫空白,接种过麻疹的儿童随年龄增大,麻疹免疫水平下降,对麻疹易感,疫情漏报、迟报,使先发病例丧失及时隔离治疗的机会,成为传染源,导致疫情蔓延酿成暴发。
Purpose To confirm the diagnosis, confirm the occurrence of the outbreak, master the epidemic situation, analyze the outbreak factor, control and eliminate the epidemic. Methodological outbreak survey, case case investigation, serological test (ELISA method). Results From April 14 to May 24, 2006, 39 measles cases were detected in East Sent Township, Kazuo County, Hubei Province. Measles, serological and epidemiological investigations confirmed measles outbreaks. The outbreak point for the East sent the village primary school, whistle Township Middle School. The incidence of primary school students in 33 cases, the attack rate of 7.39%, 6 cases of secondary school students, the attack rate of 1.56%. Patients mainly manifested as fever, systemic rash with cough, catarrhal rhinitis and conjunctivitis symptoms, measles mucosal spots seen in some cases. Measles IgM antibody was detected in 19 cases of acute phase serum samples, confirming the outbreak of measles Conclusion Outbreak of measles vaccine routine immunization rate is low, there is immune blank, measles-infected children with age, measles immunity decreased , Susceptible to measles, the omission of reports of the epidemic, late reporting, so that the first case of the loss of timely isolation and treatment opportunities, as a source of infection, leading to spread of the outbreak caused by an outbreak.