客观主义和主观主义是人类思想的两类普遍倾向,它们之间的分野和争论在中国思想中占有重要的地位。戴震立足于客观主义对主观主义展开了批判,他的批判主要指向宋明新儒家,但他又认为新儒家的主观主义是受佛教特别是道家思想影响的结果。戴震所代表的客观主义与庄子所代表的主观主义在自由问题上有明显的不同,二者代表了社会参与和追求超越的两种不同态度。事实上,客观主义与主观主义的分野也体现在当代中国的社会生活中。 Objectivism and subjectivism are two general tendencies of human thought, and their division and debate occupy an important place in Chinese thought. Dai Zhen criticized subjectivism based on objectivism. His critique mainly points to the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties. However, he also considers the neo-Confucian subjectivism as a result of the influence of Buddhism, especially Taoism. The objectivism represented by Dai Zhen differs from the subjectivism represented by Zhuang Zi on the issue of freedom. Both represent the two different attitudes toward social participation and the pursuit of transcendence. In fact, the distinction between objectivism and subjectivism is also reflected in the social life in contemporary China.