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杂草稻(Oryza sativa L.f.spontanea)是与水稻同属同种的严重影响水稻产量和品质的杂草。杂草稻的早熟特性是其造成严重危害的重要原因之一。目前杂草稻的早熟现象虽有报道,但机制尚不明确。本研究以扬州、泰州、茂名和丹东地区的杂草稻与栽培稻为试验材料,同质园下比较了杂草稻与栽培稻从播种到抽穗、从抽穗到完熟(灌浆期)所需天数的差异,在灌浆期剑叶的叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数,分析它们和杂草稻早熟的关系。结果显示:杂草稻比相应栽培稻从抽穗到完熟所需时间短10～33 d。在灌浆过程中,杂草稻剑叶的叶绿素含量低,或下降速度快于栽培稻,存在早衰现象。杂草稻剑叶的光合性能指数PI_(ABS)、最大光化学效率(φ_(Po))、活性反应中心数(RC/ABS)、用于电子传递的量子产额(φ_(Eo))和光系统II(PSII)受体侧相对电子传递速率(Ψ_0)均在抽穗期最高,整体呈逐渐降低的趋势。栽培稻则大多在乳熟期最高,呈先上升后降低的趋势,但其下降速度快于杂草稻。剑叶的早衰、达到PSII最大光合性能时间提前可能是杂草稻早熟的机制之一。
Oryza sativa L.f.spontanea is a weed that is of the same species as rice and seriously affects the yield and quality of rice. The precocity of weedy rice is one of the important causes of it. Although the phenomenon of premature weedy rice has been reported, but the mechanism is not clear. In this study, the weedy rice and cultivated rice in Yangzhou, Taizhou, Maoming and Dandong were used as experimental materials to compare weedy and cultivated rice weeds from sowing to heading, from heading to maturity (grain filling) The differences of chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in the flag leaves at the filling stage were analyzed. The relationship between them and weedy rice precociousness was analyzed. The results showed that weedy rice was 10 ~ 33 days shorter than the corresponding cultivated rice from heading to maturity. During the filling process, the content of chlorophyll in flag leaf of weedy rice was low or declined faster than that of cultivated rice, indicating the phenomenon of premature aging. The photosynthetic performance index (PI_ (ABS), maximum photochemical efficiency (φ_ (Po)), RC / ABS, quantum yield for electron transfer (φ_ (Eo) The relative electron transfer rate (Ψ_0) on the receptor side of II (PSII) was the highest at heading stage, and showed a decreasing trend as a whole. Most of the cultivated rice was the highest in the milky milking stage, which showed a trend of decreasing first and then decreasing, but its decreasing rate was faster than that of weedy rice. Premature failure of the flag leaves, reaching the maximal photosynthetic performance of PSII Time may be one of the mechanisms of premature weedy rice.