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为研究大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)养殖群体与野生群体的鉴别特征,比较分析了大黄鱼养殖群体和野生群体的形态性状、鳞片与矢耳石轮纹特征差异。形态性状比较结果表明,养殖群体的肥满度(Fatness)、体高(BH)/体长(BL)、体厚(BT)/体长(BL)和尾柄高(CPH)/尾长(TL)比值显著大于野生群体(P<0.01),野生群体躯干长(TL)/体长(BL)比值大于养殖群体(P<0.05),养殖群体在体型上出现偏短、粗现象。养殖群体与野生群体在鳞片轮纹特征上无显著差异,部分个体鳞片上观察到有年轮和副轮分布。野生群体耳石轮纹较为致密,明暗带间隔不均,耳石中心核及周围区域为深黄色,年龄组成复杂,有0~2个年轮;养殖群体耳石轮纹较稀疏,明暗带间隔均匀,耳石中心核及周围区域较透明,观察到有1个年轮。这些差异间接反映了两个群体在生活环境条件、食物饵料供给方面的差异,可作为大黄鱼群体鉴定与资源管理的重要依据。
In order to study the distinguishing characteristics of Larimichthys crocea cultured population and wild population, the morphological traits, scales and the characteristics of the otolith of the large yellow croaker cultured and wild populations were comparatively analyzed. The results of morphological traits showed that Fatness, BH / BL, BT / BL and TL (TL) / tail length (TL) (P <0.01). The ratio of trunk length (TL) to body length (BL) of wild population was greater than that of the cultured population (P <0.05), and the body size of the cultured population was shorter and thicker. There was no significant difference in the characteristics of scale wheel between cultured and wild populations, and the distribution of annual ring and side wheel was observed on some individual scales. The population of otoliths in wild population is relatively dense with unequal intervals of light and dark bands. The center of otolith and the surrounding area are dark yellow with complex age and have 0 ~ 2 rings. Evenly, the otolith central nucleus and the surrounding area are more transparent and one ring is observed. These differences indirectly reflect the difference between the two groups in the living environment conditions and the food bait supply, and can be used as the important basis for the identification and resource management of the large yellow croaker.