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我国是一个发展中的社会主义国家,既具有发展中国家的生产力二元结构的特征,又具有社会主义传统体制下的短缺经济特征。这两个特征将贯串于整个社会主义初级阶段之中。社会生产力在短缺环境中运行,会存在许多摩擦与矛盾,出现不同程度的内耗;生产力的二元结构则加深了短缺与内耗的程度。为了缓解与消除短缺,减少生产力系统的内耗,除了加快我国内部的经济体制改革以外,还必须面向国外,实现生产力要素的国际交换。我国生产力在参与国际经济交换中,必然会受到国内短缺与二元结构的制约,这种制约作用在确定外向型经济战略方针与制定具体政策时,应被充分重视。
As a developing socialist country, China has both the characteristics of the dual structure of productive forces in developing countries and the shortage of economic features under the socialist traditional system. These two characteristics will run through the initial stage of socialism. There are many frictions and contradictions in social productive forces operating in a shortage environment, with different degrees of internal friction. The dual structure of productive forces deepens the degree of shortages and internal friction. In order to alleviate and eliminate shortages and reduce the internal friction of the productive forces system, in addition to speeding up the economic structural reform within our country, we must also face the foreign countries and realize the international exchange of the productive forces. When participating in the international economic exchange, China’s productive forces will inevitably be constrained by domestic shortages and dualistic structures. Such a restrictive role should be given full consideration in determining the strategic orientation of outward-oriented economy and in formulating specific policies.