根据机车车辆运行时间长的特点，提出了应用改造的必然性。说明了改造与翻新之间的主要区别。在分析英国设计者们的经验的基础上，指出英国铁路历史上倾向于翻新，但最终还是走了改造的路子。通过对转向架、辅助系统、牵引装置和传动装置等进行分析，指出了对它们进行改造的必要性，并介绍了改造方法。 According to the characteristics of rolling stock running time, put forward the necessity of transformation. Shows the main difference between renovation and renovation. Based on the analysis of the experience of British designers, it is pointed out that the history of British railways tends to be refurbished, but eventually it takes the path of transformation. By analyzing the bogies, auxiliary systems, traction devices and transmission devices, the necessity of rebuilding them is pointed out and the reformation method is introduced.