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迄今为止,对英语作为外语的学生在写作中碰到的种种困难的调查仍然着重于语法和词汇。然而,随着近来社会语言学研究高潮的到来和人们对话语分析和篇章分析兴趣的日趋浓厚。人们更为关注作文超句子(supra—sentential)方面的问题。中高级英语作文的教师对此问题的兴趣越来越浓,这是因为他们认识到,学生感到更为困难的不是语法和词汇,而是实际上的修辞困难。由Kaplan(1966)创始的,进了大量研究的对比修辞已将英语目的语同学生的本族语进行了比较。学生语言功力不足然而,修辞手段的差异并不是困难的唯一原因,Kharma(1985)和其他一些学者
To date, the difficult surveys that students of English as a Foreign Language encounter have focused on grammar and vocabulary. However, with the recent climax of sociolinguistics research and people’s growing interest in discourse analysis and discourse analysis, People pay more attention to supra-sentential essay questions. Teachers in intermediate and advanced English writing are becoming more interested in this subject because they recognize that students find it more difficult than grammar and vocabulary but actually rhetorical difficulties. The contrasting rhetoric, initiated by Kaplan (1966) and heavily studied, has compared English target language with native language. However, differences in rhetorical devices are not the only cause of difficulty. Kharma (1985) and other scholars