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[目的]研究膜下小苗移栽对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响。[方法]开展不同移栽期膜下小苗移栽与常规移栽对比试验,记载分析各小区烟株生长发育和产质指标。[结果]4月25日膜下小苗移栽提高了烟株移栽成活率,花叶病相对防效提高了60.95%,黑胫病相对防效提高了51.61%;增强了田间长势和抗病性,大田生育期缩短,终采期提前,能有效避开大田后期的低温多雨;膜下小苗移栽方式能减少烟叶烟碱和对烟叶质量不利的氯离子含量,提高烟叶钾含量,有利于烟叶化学成分的协调和内在品质的提高;在产量与品质方面,4月25日移栽的烤烟均价和产值最高,经济性状表现出明显的优势。移栽苗龄较小的处理T1移栽成活率有所降低,各经济性状略低于CK,说明小苗移栽尽管有利于生育期提前,能避开前期干旱和后期低温冷害的影响,但不是越早越好。[结论]豫西烟区4月25日膜下小苗移栽较为适宜。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of transplanting submerged seedlings on the growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. [Method] Carrying out comparative experiments on transplanting and conventional transplanting of seedlings under different transplanting period, recording and analyzing the growth and yield and quality of tobacco plants in each plot. [Result] The transplanting of membrane seedlings on April 25 increased the transplanting survival rate of tobacco plants, the relative control effect of mosaic disease increased by 60.95% and the relative control effect of black shank increased by 51.61%; the growth of field and disease resistance were enhanced Shorten the growth period of the field and shorten the final harvesting period, which can effectively avoid the low temperature and raininess in late field. The transplanting of film seedlings can reduce the content of nicotine in tobacco leaf and the unfavorable content of chloride ion in tobacco leaves, and increase the potassium content in tobacco leaves, The coordination of chemical composition of tobacco leaves and the improvement of intrinsic quality; in terms of yield and quality, the average price and output value of flue-cured tobacco transplanted April 25 were the highest, and the economic traits showed obvious advantages. Survival rate of transplanting seedling smaller T1 transplanting reduced, economic performance slightly lower than CK, transplanting seedlings transplanting although conducive to early growth stage, to avoid the impact of pre-drought and late low-temperature chills, but not The sooner the better. [Conclusion] The planted transplanting of seedlings on April 25 in the west of Henan Province was more suitable.