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脚行为从事货物搬运的脚夫行业组织。自清前期天津脚行就随着天津商贸发展而兴盛。清政府通过设立四口夫头制度对脚行实施间接管理。自清末政府改四口夫头制度为四口包税制度后,四口脚行逐渐脱离维系脚行秩序的角色,演变为单纯的包税组织。政府不得不面对更多的脚行纠纷。直到1936年政府废除四口脚行制度,通过设立登记制度将脚行行规纳入体制内。天津脚行与政府关系的变迁不仅反映出二者关注焦点的差异,更展现了各种因素分化重组的复杂过程,有利于学界深入了解传统底层经济社会组织的近代演变轨迹。
Footer Footwear industry organization engaged in the handling of goods. Since the early Qing Dynasty Tianjin foot merchants flourished with the development of Tianjin commerce. The Qing government through the establishment of husband and wife system of four feet on the implementation of indirect management. Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, the government changed the system of four husbands and husbands into four systems of tax revenue, gradually shifting from a four-legged foot to a foot-binding order, evolving into a simple tax package organization. The government has to face more foot-line disputes. Until 1936 the government abolished the system of four-legged foot and set foot registration rules into the system through the establishment of a registration system. The changes in Tianjin’s footprints and government not only reflect the differences in focus between the two, but also demonstrate the complex process of differentiation and reorganization of various factors, which helps the academic community to gain an in-depth understanding of the modern evolutionary trajectory of traditional low-level economic and social organizations.