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疫苗接种已经消灭或控制了全球某些最为严重的疾病。尽管这一手段是成功的,但由于技术上的限制,至今市售人用疫苗的总数不过20种左右。生物技术通过抗独特型和DNA重组(rDNA)途径,可在未来10或20年内使市售预防制品数成倍增长。虽然这些重组制品可能较安全(因为它们纯度提高,去除了潜在的感染性病原体),但它们刺激免疫应答的强度可能不如第一代疫苗。此外,与研制艾滋病预防制品有关的复杂问题和疫苗工业的更新也需要大力发展佐剂。佐剂是刺激免疫系统的物质,可来源于细菌、植物和人类免疫系统自身,这些“辅助性”化学物质与疫苗一起激发机体产生增强
Vaccination has eliminated or controlled some of the most serious diseases in the world. Despite this success, due to technical limitations, the total number of commercially available human vaccines to date is only about 20. Biotechnology can double the number of commercially available prophylactic products in the next 10 or 20 years by using anti-idiotypic and recombinant DNA (rDNA) approaches. Although these recombinant products may be safer (because of their increased purity, which removes potentially infectious pathogens), they may not be as robust to the immune response as the first generation vaccines. In addition, complex issues related to the development of AIDS prevention products and updates to the vaccine industry also require vigorous development of adjuvants. Adjuvants are substances that stimulate the immune system, which can come from bacteria, plants and the human immune system itself, and these “helper” chemicals together with the vaccine stimulate the body to produce an increase