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目的研究学龄前儿童出生前后环境暴露与其两性角色行为的相关性。方法于2014年5—7月,以青岛市黄岛区主要幼儿园1 339名儿童为调查对象,采用自行设计调查问卷搜集儿童的周围环境及孕期暴露情况,同时填写反映儿童性别角色行为量表(PSAI)。结果父亲宽松的养育方法(β=0.085,P<0.05)和高的受教育程度(β=0.142,P<0.01)与女童的女性化得分升高有关;父亲宽松的养育方法(β=0.129,P<0.01)与男童男性化得分升高有关,但是父亲的受教育程度(β=-0.144,P<0.001)与男童的女性化得分呈负相关。手部洁净程度较差(β=-0.091,P<0.01)及幼儿园的化学气味(β=-0.129,P<0.05)均与男童的女性化得分较低有关。孕期服药及被动吸烟状况仅与男童的男性化得分呈正相关。结论学龄前儿童出生后周围生活环境中的化学物质暴露及父母的教养环境能够影响儿童的性别角色行为,对男童的性别角色行为需要考虑出生前孕期环境暴露。
Objective To study the correlation between prenatal and postnatal environmental exposure and their gender roles. Methods From May to July 2014, 1 339 children in primary kindergartens in Huangdao District of Qingdao City were selected as research objects. Surveys of the children’s surroundings and pregnancy were collected by self-designed questionnaire. At the same time, a questionnaire reflecting children’s gender role and behavior scale PSAI). Results The father’s mode of parental rearing (β = 0.085, P <0.05) and high level of education (β = 0.142, P <0.01) P <.01) was associated with an increase in male masculinity scores, but the degree of education of the fathers (β = -0.144, P <0.001) was negatively correlated with the feminization score of boys. Poor hand cleanliness (β = -0.091, P <0.01) and kindergarten chemical odors (β = -0.129, P <0.05) were associated with lower feminization scores in boys. Pregnancy medication and passive smoking status were only positively correlated with male masculine scores. Conclusions The preschool children’s exposure to chemical substances in their surroundings and their parenting environment can affect the behavior of children’s gender roles. The gender role behavior of boys needs to consider the environmental exposure before birth.