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目的评估煤码头煤尘职业健康风险,确定高风险岗位。方法以渤海地区2个5万~15万吨级煤码头接触煤尘作业人员作为研究对象,采用职业卫生调查了解煤码头的生产工艺、煤尘分布、煤尘游离二氧化硅含量、防尘措施设施、个人使用的职业病防护用品、职业卫生管理等情况,采用滤膜称重法测定各工作场所和主要接尘岗位的煤尘接触浓度,采用国际釆矿与金属委员会职业健康风险评估方法和职业危害风险指数法评估主要接尘岗位的煤尘健康风险。结果煤码头转接塔、翻车机、装船机和煤堆场附近工作场所的煤尘浓度较高,浓度范围为总尘8.8~85.1 mg/m~3,呼尘2.3~32.3 mg/m~3。国际采矿与金属委员会职业健康风险评估法评估结果:78.6%的岗位职业健康风险为“不可容忍”水平,各岗位风险值翻车机司机的总尘与呼尘(1500、5000)、舱口指挥工的呼尘(1500)和煤堆场清扫工的呼尘(900)风险值明显高于转接塔巡视工(600)、堆取料机司机(450)。风险指数法评估结果:翻车机司机的呼尘和总尘分别为重度和中度危害(危害指数分别为40.03和16.95),卸煤部清扫工和煤堆场清扫工的总尘均为轻度危害(危害指数分别为6.02和8.70),其余均为无危害。结论煤码头煤尘职业危害主要集中在煤炭装卸(重度和中度危害)、转运(轻度危害)和二次扬尘(轻度危害)过程。
Objective To evaluate occupational health risks of coal dust in coal terminals and identify high-risk jobs. Methods Two 50000 ~ 150000-ton coal terminals in Bohai area were contacted with coal dust workers as research objects. Occupational health survey was conducted to understand the production technology of coal terminals, coal dust distribution, free silica dust content, Facilities, personal use of occupational disease protection supplies, occupational health management, etc., the use of membrane filtration method to determine the workplace and the main dust exposure dust contact position, using the International BING Mining and Metal Occupational Health Risk Assessment methods and occupations Hazard risk index method to assess the health risk of coal dust in the main dust post. Results The concentration of coal dust in the workplace near the coal terminal transfer tower, dumper, loader and coal yard was high with the total dust concentration of 8.8 ~ 85.1 mg / m ~ 3 and the dust dust of 2.3 ~ 32.3 mg / m ~ 3. International Council on Mining and Metals Occupational Health Risk Assessment Method Assessment Results: 78.6% of the occupational health risks in the post are “Intolerable”, and the total risk of dust and dust (1500, 5000) The risk values of the command workers’ dust (1500) and the coal yard sweeper’s dust (900) were significantly higher than that of the transfer tower inspector (600) and stacker crane driver (450). Risk index method assessment results: Dust driver dust and total dust were severe and moderate hazards (hazard index were 40.03 and 16.95), coal miner sweeper and coal yard sweeper dust were mild Hazard (hazard index 6.02 and 8.70 respectively), the rest are non-hazardous. Conclusion The occupational hazards of coal dust at coal terminals are mainly concentrated in the process of coal handling (severe and moderate hazard), transshipment (mild hazard) and secondary dust (mild hazard).