论文部分内容阅读
目的调查韶关市铅作业女工生存质量,并探讨其影响因素。方法 2013年11月-2015年7月采取整群抽样方法抽取韶关市9家涉铅作业的有色金属矿选矿厂、冶炼企业、铅酸蓄电池企业铅作业女工670名,采取自制问卷和世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)对其进行问卷调查,计算其生存质量得分并用t检验、单因素方差分析(总体有差异进一步用q检验)、秩和检验、线性趋势性检验分析女工年龄、文化程度、婚姻、职业史及工作基本情况对生存质量的影响。结果铅作业女工4个领域的得分(生理领域14.50±1.54,心理领域12.93±1.40,社会领域12.80±1.30,环境领域11.70±1.79)均低于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。铅作业女工在社会、心理领域的得分随平均月收入的增加而增加(P<0.05);工作时按要求佩戴有效个人防护用品的铅作业女工在心理领域得分(13.38±1.43)显著高于不按要求佩戴有效个人防护用品者(13.05±1.41)(P<0.05);每周工作日≤5 d者在心理、社会领域得分(13.05±1.48,12.86±1.35)显著高于每周工作日>5 d者(12.81±1.38,12.44±1.28)(P<0.05);工作地点有防护措施者在心理、环境领域的得分(13.08±1.43,11.86±1.86)显著高于没有防护措施者(12.82±1.42,11.48±1.73)(P<0.05);<30岁者、30~岁者在生理领域的得分(15.00±1.51,15.30±1.50)显著高于40~岁及50~岁者(14.30±1.56,14.28±1.55)(P<0.05);不同婚姻状况铅作业女工在心理、社会领域得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),心理领域得分:未婚(13.26±1.42)、在婚(13.04±1.39)>离异及丧偶(12.58±1.41)(P<0.05);社会领域得分:在婚(13.08±1.31)>未婚(13.02±1.29)、离异及丧偶(12.38±1.30)(P<0.05)。结论韶关市铅作业女工总体生存质量较差,婚姻、年龄、平均月收入、每周工作日数、工作时按要求佩戴有效个人防护用品情况、工作地点防护措施情况可影响韶关市铅作业女工生存质量,可采取综合措施提高其生存质量。
Objective To investigate the quality of life of lead working women workers in Shaoguan City and to explore the influencing factors. Methods From November 2013 to July 2015, 670 non-ferrous metal concentrates, smelters and lead-acid battery lead workers in Shaoguan were sampled by cluster sampling method from Shaoguan City. Questionnaire of Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to conduct questionnaire survey, and its quality of life score was calculated and analyzed by t test, one-way ANOVA (overall difference further by q test), rank sum test and linear trend test The influence of women workers’ age, education level, marriage, occupation history and working conditions on the quality of life. Results The scores of lead workers in four fields (14.50 ± 1.54 in physiological field, 12.93 ± 1.40 in psychological field, 12.80 ± 1.30 in social field, and 11.70 ± 1.79 in environmental field) were lower than those in national norms, with statistical significance (P <0.05 ). The scores of female lead workers in social and psychological fields increased with the increase of average monthly income (P <0.05). Female lead workers who used effective personal protective equipment when required to work in the psychological field score (13.38 ± 1.43) were significantly higher than those without (13.05 ± 1.41) (P <0.05). Weekly working days ≤5d were higher in psychological and social field (13.05 ± 1.48, 12.86 ± 1.35) than weekly workday> (12.81 ± 1.38, 12.44 ± 1.28) (P <0.05). The score of psychological protection and environmental protection in the working place was significantly higher than those without protective measures (12.08 ± 1.43, 11.86 ± 1.86, 1.42, 1.44 ± 1.73, respectively) (P <0.05). The score of the 30-year-olds and the 30-year-olds in the physiological field was significantly higher than that of the 40- and 50-year-olds (14.30 ± 1.56 vs 15.00 ± 1.51 and 15.30 ± 1.50, , 14.28 ± 1.55), respectively (P <0.05). There were significant differences in psychological and social scores among female lead workers with different marital status (P <0.05). Psychological score was 13.26 ± 1.42 (13.08 ± 1.31), unmarried (13.02 ± 1.29), divorced and widowed (12.38 ± 1.30) (P <0.05); divorced and widowed (12.58 ± 1.41)Conclusion The overall quality of life of lead-based female workers in Shaoguan City, marriage, age, average monthly income, number of working days per week, when required to wear effective personal protective equipment situation, workplace protective measures can affect the quality of life of lead workers in Shaoguan City , Can take comprehensive measures to improve their quality of life.