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“可持续”与“可承受”,二者在英语中同为一个概念(Sustainable)。事实上,只有可承受的发展才是可持续的;而可持续的发展必然是人类可以承受的。我们之所以提倡“可承受的发展”,就是为了走向“可持续的发展”(Sustainable Deve lopment)。联合国环境与发展委员会在1987年向联合国第42届大会提交题为《我们共同的未来》的著名报告,对“可持续发展”一词下了通俗而又简单的定义:“持续发展是在满足当代人需要的同时,不损害人类后代满足自身需要的能力。”可见,“可持续发展”讲的是当代发展与未来发展的关系,就是在发展中既要满足当代人的需要,又不对后代人满足其需要的能力构成威胁;就是要保持生态系统的平衡,重视社会的协调发展,让更多的人分享到经济发展的成果。 经济效益:经济可持续发展的根本保证 在许多人看来,发展就是经济的增长,而经济增长的标志就是速度。于是人们常常把国民收入增长率、或是国民生产总值(GNP)增长率、或是国内生产总值(GDP)增长率当作衡量经济发展的最主要指标,一味地追求增长速度。现在的问题是;上述增长率究竟能在多大程度上反映经济的发展?究竟能在多大程度上反映国民随着经济发展在物质生活上得到实惠即福利的增进? 让我们先看一下建国以来国民收入增长率同居民消费?
“Sustainable” and “sustainable”, both in the same language as a concept (Sustainable). In fact, only sustainable development is sustainable. Sustainable development must be sustainable by humankind. The reason we advocate “sustainable development” is to move toward “Sustainable Deveopment.” In 1987, the United Nations Commission on Environment and Development submitted a well-known report entitled “Our Common Future” to the 42nd General Conference of the United Nations, which underlies the popular and simple definition of “sustainable development”: “ While contemporary people need it, they will not undermine the ability of human offspring to meet their own needs. ”Thus,“ sustainable development ”refers to the relationship between contemporary development and future development, that is, it is necessary to meet the needs of the present generation in development but not to future generations People’s ability to meet their needs poses a threat; that is, to maintain the balance of ecosystems, pay attention to the coordinated development of society and let more people share the fruits of economic development. Economic Benefits: The Fundamental Guarantee of Sustainable Economic Development In the eyes of many people, development is economic growth, and the hallmark of economic growth is speed. Therefore, the rate of national income growth, either gross national product (GNP) growth or gross domestic product (GDP) growth, is often used as the most important indicator of economic development and the blind pursuit of growth. The question now is: To what extent can the above-mentioned growth rate reflect the economic development? To what extent can we reflect on the degree to which the nationals have benefited from the material life as a result of economic development, that is, the enhancement of welfare? Let us look first at the national Income growth rate with the residents of consumption?