今天的大部分经济学家都赞成这一观点:市场本身不足以保证经济具有效率。因此,从美国和迅速增长的东亚诸经济来看,政府发挥着六种促进经济增长的职能。政府的第一个职能是促进教育。甚至在美国通过宪法之前,在1785年和1787年西北法案中联邦政府就认识到促进公共教育的责任,为了这一目的,新成立的州通过划拨土地用于公共教育。后来,在1863年,联邦政府帮助建立了公共大学体制。政府的第 Most economists today agree with this view: the market itself is not enough to ensure economic efficiency. Therefore, judging from the United States and the rapidly growing East Asian economies, the government plays six functions that promote economic growth. The government’s first function is to promote education. Even before the adoption of the Constitution by the United States, the federal government in 1785 and the Northwest Act of 1787 recognized the responsibility of promoting public education. For this purpose, the newly formed state used land for public education by appropriating land. Later, in 1863, the federal government helped to establish a public university system. The government’s first