本文以近年来汉语语音学和音系学理论的新发展为基础,提出语音教学要从普通话语音系统的层次性出发,针对不同层次的语音学特征选择适当的语音单元作为教学重点。在教学中,首先要明确不同阶段训练的侧重点:低年级侧重声调和声韵母;高年级侧重轻重音和韵律结构。其次要选择适当的语音单元作为训练的基础:声韵母选择音节作为训练的基础;声调选择双音节词作为训练的基础;轻重音以及韵律结构选择韵律短语或句子作为训练的基础。最后在语音训练过程中要坚持发音与功能意义相结合、听辨与发音训练相结合、集中训练与分散巩固相结合等一系列教学策略。 Based on the new development of Chinese phonetics and phonology, this paper proposes that phonetic teaching should be based on the hierarchical nature of Mandarin phonetic system and select appropriate phonetic units for different levels of phonetic features as teaching focus. In teaching, we must first clear the focus of training in different stages: the lower grades focus on tone and vowel; upper-grade emphasis on light stress and rhythm structure. Second, the appropriate phonetic unit should be selected as the basis of training: vowels select syllables as the basis of training; tone select disyllabic words as training basis; light weight and prosody structure choose prosodic phrase or sentence as the basis of training. Finally, in the process of speech training, we should adhere to a series of teaching strategies such as the combination of pronunciation and function, the combination of listening and pronunciation training, the combination of centralized training and decentralization and consolidation.