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“句子否定”是对小句的内容加以否定的形式,汉语和英语中使用的是否定词。在定式语言中,它遵循定式策略,一般依附在带有定式成分的小句核心上。但在汉语中,定式成分如时态、一致性关系的语法化不成熟,所以小句没有固定的核心,否定词不固定在某一句法位置,也不受唯一性的限制。“多层套叠主从结构”理论认为,汉语句子中可有多层结构,每一层只有唯一的核心可安置否定词,但整个句子可以有不止一个层次,从而也就可以安置不止一个否定词。一般来讲,定式语言长于真值否定,短于成分否定;而汉语则相反。在当今汉语西北方言中,正在发生“定式化”转变,以句尾位置为小句核心,将否定词固定在核心上,从而导致了一些特殊的语言现象。
“Sentence Negation ” is the negation of the content of clauses, and the negatives used in Chinese and English. In stereotyped language, it follows a fixed strategy, generally attached to the core of a clause with a fixed composition. However, in Chinese, the grammaticalization of the fixed composition such as tense and consistency is immature, so the clause has no fixed core, and the negative word is not fixed in a syntactic position, nor is it restricted by the uniqueness. “Multi-storey master-slave structure ” theory that the Chinese sentence can have multiple layers of structure, each layer only a single core can be placed negative, but the entire sentence can have more than one level, which also can be placed more than A negative word. In general, the fixed language longer than the true negation, shorter than the negative component; while the Chinese is the opposite. In the current Chinese northwestern dialect, “stylized ” transformation is taking place, with the sentence ending position as the core of the clause and the negative word fixed at the core, leading to some special linguistic phenomena.