应用分离分析及血缘分析的方法分析了271名聋哑学校学生的遗传异质性。两种方法均揭示先天性聋哑中有散发病例,经两种方法估计出的散发病例的比例数分别为0.127和0.165。先天性聋哑主要呈常染色体隐性遗传,且涉及多个不同的基因位点(至少43个),从而部分解释了大部分聋哑人相互婚配其后代不出现患者的现象。近亲结婚可使隐性遗传型先天性聋哑的发病率增高15倍。 The genetic heterogeneity of 271 deaf-mute students was analyzed by means of separation analysis and kinship analysis. Both methods revealed cases of sporadic deafness in congenital deafness and the estimated numbers of sporadic cases by both methods were 0.127 and 0.165, respectively. Congenital deafness is predominantly autosomally recessive and involves a number of different loci (at least 43), partially explaining the phenomenon in which most deaf-mutes engage their ancestors without appearing. Marriage of cousins ​​can make the incidence of tactile genetic deafness 15 times higher.