论文部分内容阅读
义务教育是国家依法统一实施、所有适龄儿童少年必须接受的教育,具有强制性、免费性和普及性。中国新的《义务教育法》充分体现了权利本位、均衡发展、政府责任、平等受教育权等法治精神,有力地推动了中国义务教育事业的健康发展。然而,当前中国农村义务教育发展依然存在着农村公共教育制度遭到较为严重的冲击、以县为主的管理体制促生地方政府的机会主义行为、就近入学原则没有得以真正贯彻落实、家庭教育权的缺位不利于儿童身心健康发展等权利性危机。基于义务教育均衡发展的战略性目标,破解农村义务教育的权利性危机需要从政府决策过程中充分尊重村民的教育参与权、强化乡镇政府和村委会在农村义务教育发展中的责任、重视家庭教育在儿童受教育权实现过程中的基础性作用、以教师均衡配置为着力点来优化教育资源配置等方面着手。
Compulsory education is a unified education system implemented by the state according to law and must be compulsory, free and universal for all school-aged children and adolescents. The new Compulsory Education Law in China fully embodies the spirit of the rule of law such as rights-based, balanced development, government responsibility and equal right to education, which has effectively promoted the healthy development of China’s compulsory education. However, at present, the development of compulsory education in rural China still has a severe impact on the rural public education system. The county-based management system promotes the opportunistic behavior of local governments. The principle of immediate admission has not been fully implemented and the right to family education The absence is not conducive to children’s physical and mental health development rights crisis. Based on the strategic goal of a balanced development of compulsory education, it is necessary to fully respect the villagers’ right to education and participation in the government decision-making process and to strengthen the responsibility of township governments and village committees in the development of compulsory education in rural areas. The basic role of education in the realization of children’s right to education, and the balanced allocation of teachers as the focus to optimize the allocation of educational resources and so on.