一、前言金刚石以超硬、耐磨、高绝缘、高导热、化学惰性以及高温半导体等优异性能被视为珍品,誉为宝石之王。可是直到本世纪五十年代中期,人们只能从自然中获取金刚石。1955年美国G.E公司使用催化剂,在10~4大气压和1450℃的高温高压下人工合成了金刚石,这一重大成就被誉为二十世纪的炼金术。然而,无 I. Introduction Diamond is regarded as a treasures by excellent properties such as super-hard, wear-resistant, high insulation, high thermal conductivity, chemical inertness and high temperature semiconductors, and is regarded as the king of precious stones. But until the mid-fifties of this century, people can only get diamonds from nature. In 1955 the United States G.E Company using the catalyst, at 10 ~ 4 atmospheric pressure and high temperature and high pressure 1450 ℃ synthetic diamond, a major achievement known as the 20th century alchemy. However, nothing