200-nm long TiO2 nanorod arrays for efficient solid-state PbS quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

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To ensure the infiltration of spiro-OMeTAD into the quantum dot-sensitized photoanode and to consider the limit of the hole diffusion length in the spiro-OMeTAD layer,a rutile TiO2 nanorod array with a length of 200 nm,a diameter of 20 nm and an areal density of 720 μm 2 was successfully prepared using a hydrothermal method with an aqueous-grown solution of 38 mM titanium isopropoxide and 6 M hydrochloric acid at 170 C for 75 min.PbS quantum dots were deposited by a spin coating-assisted successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (spin-SILAR),and all solid-state PbS quantum dot-sensitized TiO2 nanorod array solar cells were fabricated using spiro-OMeTAD as electrolytes.The results revealed that the average crystal size of PbS quantum dots was ~7.8 nm using Pb(NO3)2 as the lead source and remain unchanged with tihe increase of the number of spin-SILAR cycles.The all solid-state PbS quantum dot-sensitized TiO2 nanorod array solar cells with spin-SILAR cycle numbers of 20,30 and 40 achieved the photoelectric conversion efficiencies of 3.74%,4.12% and 3.11%,respectively,under AM 1.5 G illumination (100 mW/cm2).
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