前言由于宇宙技术的发展,虽然已经进入可以探集月面岩石,观察火星、金星表面的时代,但人类在地球上钻探的深度不超过10公里。半径6,370公里的地球内部体积的99％的是人类尚未踏入的领域。虽未踏进,但现代固体地球学以超高压高温的物性实验为媒介,得到了关于地球深部构成物质的相当精细的认识。在这里介绍以地幔和地核为研究对象的最新认识。图1把地球内部的压力作为深度的函数来表示。由图可知,以地幔为对象的室内实验需要能够实现大致100万个大气压1GPa=10Kb范围的装置,与地核相同压力范围的 Preface Due to the development of cosmic technology, human beings have not drilled more than 10 kilometers of earth on Earth despite the fact that they have entered an age where they can explore lunar rocks and observe the surface of Mars and Venus. Ninety-nine percent of the Earth’s 6,370-kilometer radius is something that humans have not yet stepped into. Although not stepping in, modern solid-earth geology has gained quite a faint understanding of the deep-seated matter of the earth with the medium-high temperature and high temperature experiments. Here we introduce the latest understanding of the mantle and core. Figure 1 shows the pressure inside the Earth as a function of depth. As can be seen from the figure, laboratory experiments targeting the mantle require devices capable of achieving a 1 GPa = 10 Kb range of approximately 1 million atmospheres, with the same pressure range